UPS systems are grouped by topology, which refers to how the UPS and utility power work together. This translates to the level of efficiency and reliability you can expect from your power source.

A UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) system is an electrical device that provides backup power to critical equipment and devices when the main power source fails or experiences electrical disturbances. UPS systems are designed to ensure uninterrupted power supply, even during short-term power outages or fluctuations, to prevent data loss, equipment damage, and maintain the continuity of operations. They are commonly used in various settings, including homes, offices, data centers, industrial facilities, and medical environments.

Key features and functions of a UPS:

1. Power Conditioning
   UPS units typically filter and condition incoming power. They regulate voltage levels, protect against voltage spikes or surges, and provide a
   consistent and clean power supply to connected devices. This helps prevent damage to sensitive electronics.
2. Voltage Regulation
   Some UPS models also offer voltage regulation capabilities, ensuring that devices receive a consistent voltage level even if the incoming power fluctuates beyond certain limits.
3. Transition Time
   When a power outage occurs, there is a brief moment when the UPS switches from drawing power from the main source to using its battery power. This transition is typically very fast, often within milliseconds, to ensure uninterrupted power supply.
4. Runtime : Is the duration it can provide backup power to connected devices during an outage. The runtime depends on the size of the UPS and the load it supports.
5. Monitoring and Management
   Allow users to monitor the UPS status, configure settings, and receive notifications about power events.

There are different types of UPS systems, including standby, line-interactive, and online (double-conversion) UPS systems. Each type offers varying levels of protection and efficiency, with online UPS systems providing the highest level of protection but at a higher cost.